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    <title>Babies and Toddlers</title>
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   <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2009:/weblogs//1</id>
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    <updated>2009-02-26T19:20:41Z</updated>
    
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<entry>
    <title>The Octuplets: Irresponsible Acts of Being Born</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2009/02/the_octuplets_irresponsible_ac.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=21" title="The Octuplets: Irresponsible Acts of Being Born" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2009:/weblogs//1.21</id>
    
    <published>2009-02-25T22:10:57Z</published>
    <updated>2009-02-26T19:20:41Z</updated>
    
    <summary>So, sometimes I get sucked into the sensational stuff. I hate it, but it&apos;s true. I try to avoid stories that attract a lot of media hype, but sometimes I can&apos;t help myself. I hate reality TV, too, but I...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Essays" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>So, sometimes I get sucked into the sensational stuff. I hate it, but it's true. I try to avoid stories that attract a lot of media hype, but sometimes I can't help myself. I hate reality TV, too, but I watch Hell's Kitchen.</p>

<p>I'm saying all this to hopefully excuse myself from what I am about to write. Yes, it is about the octuplet mom, Nadya Suleman.</p>

<p>Conservative talk show host Bill Handel in Los Angeles called for people to boycott any companies that support the octuplet mom. While searching the internet for his comments, I discovered scores of bloggers and other personalities calling for the same thing. Hmmm.</p>

<p>I wonder how these people with their noble boycott who are seeking to harm the octuplet mom will avoid harming the octuplets? After all, is it their fault their mom made some irresponsible decisions?</p>

<p>And we can argue all day about that, whether Nadya Suleman was irresponsible when she had six children through IVF, even though she was unmarried. We can argue all week about whether or not she was irresponsible when she chose to have eight more embryos implanted at the same time.</p>

<p>Our conclusions don't change the fact that she does not have 14 very expensive puppies to take care of. These are BABIES. A boycott is not going to harm their mother as much as it will harm them.</p>

<p>Is that what these morally upstanding boycotters are trying to accomplish? Their mom dared to have them, so by God, we'll make sure their lives are miserable, poverty stricken and filled with neglect! Yay for us! We sure showed those babies! We don't tolerate irresponsible acts of being born, not in the USA!</p>

<p>I can't help but draw another very obvious parallel. Obvious to me, maybe not obvious to the likes of Bill Handel, who by the way is pro-life.</p>

<p>What does Bill Handel think should have been done with the octuplet mom's leftover embryos? Certainly not destroyed. Definitely not donated to stem cell research.</p>

<p>That's a pattern I see in almost everyone who is "pro life," by the way (and I am against abortion myself, though I don't think it should be illegal). They support the unborn, but not the born. Their interest in the subject ends after the child comes into the world. Protect the unborn, but after birth you're on your own, you kid whose mom wasn't emotionally or financially prepared to have a baby.</p>

<p>But I digress. Yes, Nadya Suleman was irresponsible, bringing that many babies into the world as a single mom. She's going to have a tough time looking after 14 children, no question.</p>

<p>But let's not forget that children do not choose their moms. Those children deserve the best shot at a happy life that their mom&#151;or all those diaper, formula and baby wipes companiesm&#151;can give them. Boycotting them and everyone who helps them is nothing short of mean-spirited. </p>

<p>I'm sorry that Suleman will profit from those media deals or freebies from baby-product companies (or will shem&#151;doubtless all the money and freebies she gets will go directly to her massive childcare and medical expenses, without a lot leftover for parties and fancy dresses). But let's not forget that you can't boycott the irresponsible mom without boycotting the babies.<br />
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    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Will Formula Harm my Baby?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2008/05/will_formula_harm_my_baby.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=17" title="Will Formula Harm my Baby?" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2008:/weblogs//1.17</id>
    
    <published>2008-05-19T22:09:21Z</published>
    <updated>2008-05-19T22:33:10Z</updated>
    
    <summary>If you&apos;re a low-supply mom (you&apos;ve tried everything to successfully breastfeed your baby but you&apos;ve never been able to develop a full supply) I want to offer some words of comfort about that oh-so-maligned substance: infant formula. I know a...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>If you're a low-supply mom (you've tried everything to successfully breastfeed your baby but you've never been able to develop a full supply) I want to offer some words of comfort about that oh-so-maligned substance: infant formula.</p>

<p>I know a lot of low-supply moms worry about "harming" their babies because of formula feeding (I worried about it A LOT, especially after I had to give up nursing my firstborn, and I spent a lot of time researching the subject). Here's what I concluded and I hope it will give other low-supply moms who may have to supplement or give up nursing altogether some comfort.</p>

<p> I don't think anyone will try to argue with the fact that breastmilk is nutritionally superior. If you didn't believe that, you probably wouldn't be reading this. But I also think that the "evils" of formula have been greatly exaggerated, and I even think that the benefits of breastfeeding are sometimes exaggerated.</p>

<p> For example, I remember once getting into an online debate with someone shortly after I had to give up breastfeeding my son. This person flatly informed me: "You are risking your child's life by giving him formula." She then went on to cite some statistic that claimed there were tens of thousands of infant deaths every year that were directly caused by formula. Now, nevermind that this was a blatantly cruel thing to say to someone who was still mourning the loss of a nursing relationship and that that loss had nothing to do with "choice," but the statistic concerned me enough that I looked it up. As it turned out, the numbers were based on formula use in third world countries, where moms don't have access to clean water. Without clean water to mix with instant formula, babies who drink formula are at greater risk for disease and infection. But those numbers were lumped into a worldwide statistic, making it appear as if the risk of death was just as high in the developed world as elsewhere. Of course that is not true, because in the developed world we do have access to clean water, so this statistic barely even applies to us. But a lot of people in the "normal" breastfeeding community have latched on (pun intended) to statistics like this and used them to make women who don't breastfeed feel like formula is evil and they must therefore be evil by association.</p>

<p>Another problem with a lot of the statistics out there is that they are being used to claim a causal relationship between breastfeeding and a particular benefit when in fact there is no way to conclusively prove that A causes B. The so-called link between breastfeeding and intelligence is a perfect example of this. You will still find books and webpages that claim that breastfeeding increases a baby's IQ, when in fact there was a study published recently that suggests that this isn't true (<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5398738.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5398738.stm</a>). Instead, it appears to be the mother's IQ and education level that determines how intelligent the baby will be.</p>

<p>Intelligence, education or simply access to information actually seems to be a big divider between moms who breastfeed and moms who <i>choose</i> not to (vs. low-supply moms who may not be breastfeeding but definitely did not <i>choose</i> not to breastfeed). Moms who choose to formula feed are often less educated or just less informed about health issues or child-rearing in general. Moms who breastfeed <i>or attempt to breastfeed</i> tend to have higher IQs, more education and/or greater access to information about how they can help their child's intelligence develop interactively. Hence, higher IQs in breastfed babies. But it's not the breastfeeding itself that leads to the higher IQ, it is simply there alongside other qualities that these moms tend to have.</p>

<p>We all know that lower class moms have lower rates of breastfeeding than middle class moms, which is probably because they don't have the kind of access to medical resources and health information that middle class people enjoy. In fact, a lack of access to medical resources and to health information in general could conceivably account for a lot of the perceived benefits of breastfeeding. This is just speculation, of course, but might it be possible that formula-fed babies are at greater risk for dying from SIDS not because they are formula fed but because they come from families where mom may not fully understand the adverse affects of smoking while pregnant, or where mom has never been told to put her baby to sleep on its back? And might it be possible that formula-fed babies are at greater risk for becoming obese later in life not because they are formula-fed but because their parents don't have a good understanding of family nutrition? And as for the biggest, baddest "risk" of all&#151;childhood cancers&#151;even this risk factor for formula-fed babies could be attributed to lack of information: parents who smoke indoors, for example, or moms who eat unhealthy foods while pregnant may inadvertently contribute to their children's risk of developing cancer. And if any of those things are true, then a baby born to a mom who attempted to breastfeed but was unable to should be at no greater risk for SIDS, obesity, or childhood cancer than a baby who was exclusively breastfed&#151;provided that his or her family recognizes things like the hazards of smoking and the importance of good nutrition. Until some truly well-thought-out research has been done, there just isn't any way to know for sure if breastfeeding contributes to these benefits or is simply present alongside the true contributing factors. Perhaps someone should stop studying exclusive breastfeeding relationships and start studying low-supply moms instead.</p>

<p>Now I want to reiterate that in no way should the above information be interpreted as a statement against breastfeeding. I am only speculating&#151;it may be that there is in fact a causal relationship between formula feeding and SIDS or obesity&#151;I just don't think the research has ever conclusively proven it exists. And I am a true believer that breastmilk is nutritionally superior to formula. However, I also think that we should evaluate statements about the "evils" of formula or the sometimes-fantastic claims about the wonders of breastmilk before taking them to heart. A lot of them truly are exaggerated. If you have to give up breastfeeding, it's OK to mourn but never ever let yourself think that formula is bad and that you are a bad mom because you had to use it. I come from a generation where no baby was breastfed, and I have always been very healthy, and I like to think of myself as reasonably intelligent. Of course you can't make conclusions based on single cases, but I'd be willing to bet that if someone looked into it they would find only a few differences between the general health of people in my generation and in generations where breastfeeding was more prevalent.</p>

<p>So what should you take from all this? Simply put: if you are finally coming to the end of the road in your breastfeeding relationship, don't despair because you have to give your baby formula. Your baby <i>will</i> be OK! Formula is not bad, it has simply been given a bad name by generally well-meaning people who probably just wanted to spread the word about the benefits of breastfeeding. In fact, we should feel grateful that we live in an era where formula is an option for moms like us, who have tried our hardest but have been forced to choose other paths.</p>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Death Before Formula?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2008/05/death_before_formula.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=16" title="Death Before Formula?" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2008:/weblogs//1.16</id>
    
    <published>2008-05-16T16:07:34Z</published>
    <updated>2008-05-19T22:04:39Z</updated>
    
    <summary>I&apos;ve nursed three babies, and I&apos;ve had low milk supply with all three. This is a problem that supposedly doesn&apos;t actually exist. Hospital nurses, lactation consultants, and breastfeeding websites and forums all told me the same thing: &quot;Everyone can breastfeed...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Health and Safety" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>I've nursed three babies, and I've had low milk supply with all three.</p>

<p>This is a problem that supposedly doesn't actually exist. Hospital nurses, lactation consultants, and breastfeeding websites and forums all told me the same thing: "Everyone can breastfeed and everyone can make enough milk."</p>

<p>I didn't understand what was wrong with me. My babies would all scream at the breast or fall asleep or if they nursed successfully they would would be hungry again a few minutes later. I tried pumping, I tried medication, I tried the dreaded "supplemental nursing system," I tried nursing all day long, and nothing seemed to make any difference. </p>

<p>I exclusively nursed my first baby for three and a half weeks. He would suck for a few minutes, then fall asleep, then wake up screaming five or 10 minutes later, around the clock. I remember being so tired I literally fell asleep on my feet and nearly dropped him. I finally took him in for a weight check and discovered that he'd actually lost weight. He was nursing, but the milk-flow was so weak that he would fall asleep rather than have to work so hard for so little reward. I finally gave in and started supplementing, but I felt guilty and ashamed for months afterwards. I kept remembering what one of the OB nurses said to me as she discharged us from the hospital: "You can just throw all those formula samples away. They're not even fit for your dog." And there I was, giving formula to my baby and according to the rest of the world I might as well have been feeding him low-grade kibble.</p>

<p>A few years later I know better. I know that low milk supply affects anywhere between five and 10 percent of women who nurse. It can have medical origins: polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, hormonal imbalance, breast hypoplasia ... some women never find out why, but to them the problem is very clear. It's just wholly unacknowledged by the breastfeeding community. Because "anyone can breastfeed," a woman with low milk supply is seen as simply not trying hard enough.</p>

<p>In fact it seems to be an accepted practice among breastfeeding advocates to demonize women who choose to formula feed, and by association to also demonize those of us who didn't choose to formula feed, but had to because of circumstances that were beyond our control. There is no message out there telling us that formula is OK. Instead we are told of the many benefits of breastfeeding, which seem to include everything on the spectrum from medical to psychological. And so the implication is made: if you don't breastfeed, you are harming your baby. You are not a good mother. </p>

<p>It is a mother's basic instinct to protect and nurture her baby, and when the community at large is telling a mom that she is not a good mother, the emotional impact that has on her is dire indeed. Yet no one seems to consider the emotional health of women who have failed at breastfeeding, nor the secondary impact that this might have on their babies. Apparently, sending a message of guilt is seen as "healthy" for the rest of the community (I suppose it helps make moms with exclusive breastfeeding relationships feel good about their successes, and it probably does help encourage women who are having a hard time to keep going). But doesn't this tactic need to be reconsidered? Is guilt-tripping really a productive way to encourage good behavior, especially when some of those on the receiving end really don't have the ability to conform to the message?</p>

<p>I understand why the idea that "anyone can breastfeed" has been established among nursing advocates. Breastfeeding is hard, even under the best of circumstances. For every woman with a true supply issue, there are a handful of other women who <i>think</i> they have a supply issue, even though their issue could easily be solved with standard tactics like correcting latch or pumping a couple of times a day. But if these women were allowed to believe that true low supply is a real problem, they might assume they have low supply and give up before they've tried everything.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, where does that leave the rest of us? I remember reading a story about a young woman who had never been told that her breast reduction surgery could lead to low milk supply. Like the rest of us, she was bombarded with the message that "breast is best" and "everyone can make enough milk." She nursed her baby for several weeks, but he died of malnutrition and dehydration because she wasn't producing enough milk for him, and it had never even occurred to her that she wasn't producing enough milk. Now, I'm not excusing her. I still have a hard time understanding how she could not <i>see</i> that her baby was starving. But the message was loud and clear: "everyone can make enough milk, so don't worry, just nurse."</p>

<p>It is a message that is certainly given with the best of intentions. But I often wonder which is worse&#151;is it worse to allow some moms to switch to formula because they <i>believe</i> they can't breastfeed? Or is it worse to let a few babies die because their moms believe they <i>can</i>? Is formula really worse than death?</p>

<p>It's time for breastfeeding advocates to acknowledge that breastfeeding is not right&#151;or even possible&#151;for all moms. Yes, breastmilk is nutritionally superior than formula and everyone should breastfeed to the extent that they are able to. For low-supply moms like me, this means nursing for as many weeks or months as we are able to, while supplementing with formula. For working moms it may mean exclusively breastfeeding until returning to work. All moms attempting to breastfeed should be given help and support by knowledgeable people. But at some point, those people should concede that true low supply is not a mythical problem. It not only exists, but it's common, and it can't always be solved simply by "nursing more." Women with persistent low supply issues should be encouraged to seek a medical diagnosis, and even in the absence of answers should be given permission to supplement or to let go of the nursing relationship without guilt. Instead of "death before formula," shouldn't the message be, "breast is best, but formula is second best?"</p>

<p><br />
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    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>China&apos;s New Legacy</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2007/10/chinas_new_legacy.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=14" title="China's New Legacy" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2007:/weblogs//1.14</id>
    
    <published>2007-10-05T14:54:30Z</published>
    <updated>2007-10-05T15:11:45Z</updated>
    
    <summary>I subscribe to the Consumer Product Safety Commission&apos;s email alerts for toy and kids&apos; product recalls (I highly recommend it ... got to http://www.cpsc.gov/cpsclist.asp to sign up). Several times a week, I get a notice about a new toy that...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>I subscribe to the Consumer Product Safety Commission's email alerts for toy and kids' product recalls (I highly recommend it ... got to http://www.cpsc.gov/cpsclist.asp to sign up). Several times a week, I get a notice about a new toy that has been recalled because of unsafe levels of lead. Clearly, until they got found out, producing children's toys with lead paint was China's business-as-usual practice. I shudder to think how many lead-contaminated toys I might have in my house that were never tested by manufacturers.</p>

<p>I wonder, though, how much China's economy will suffer because of these recalls. Maybe I'm not typical, but I've gotten pretty nervous about any product stamped with the words "Made in China," not just stuff I plan to give to my kids. </p>

<p>Earlier this week I went to the store to buy some Halloween cookie cutters. I found a cute set of four colorful cookie cutters for 79 cents each. They were coated with a kind of plastic painted in orange, black, purple and white. I grabbed a couple of other things I needed and got in line. Then as I was standing there, I looked closely at one of the cutters and noticed that the paint was chipping off in several places. I flipped it over and lo, "Made in China."</p>

<p>All four cookie cutters went right back on the shelf.</p>

<p>I'm not making cookies for my family with any product stamped "Made in China," especially a product that is chipping paint before I've even got it home.</p>

<p>This week I'm taking my daughter in for her 15 month appointment. I'm planning to ask about testing her for lead levels, and I also plan to get a lead testing kit to use around my home. </p>

<p>And perhaps most significantly, I'm going to avoid "Made in China" products as much as possible. </p>

<p>I don't know if my little crusade will hurt China's economy, but I hope there are enough other people out there who are planning to do the same. It makes me angry to think that those manufacturers in China care so much about their bottom line that they deliberately put something in a child's product that might cause harm to the kids who play with it, in the interests of saving a few pennies. If I can fight back by stinging China a little bit with my purchasing choices, that's exactly what I'm going to do. I hope others will do the same.</p>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Freebirthing? Are you kidding me?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2007/06/freebirthing_are_you_kidding_m.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=7" title="Freebirthing? Are you kidding me?" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2007:/weblogs//1.7</id>
    
    <published>2007-06-22T21:42:14Z</published>
    <updated>2007-09-14T04:10:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>A couple of days ago I bumbled into a debate on BabyCenter.com about &quot;freebirthing,&quot; something I&apos;d never heard of or even considered before reading about it on the BabyCenter forum. Freebirthing is the practice of giving birth at home without...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>A couple of days ago I bumbled into a debate on BabyCenter.com about "freebirthing," something I'd never heard of or even considered before reading about it on the BabyCenter forum.</p>

<p>Freebirthing is the practice of giving birth at home without the assistance of a doctor or midwife. That's right, just you and hubby. The theory is, childbirth is just as intimate as sex, and if you and your husband are the only ones present during sex, then you should be the only ones present during childbirth, too.

<p>Nevermind that there aren't any historical precedents for freebirthing. Midwives have been a part of human childbirth culture since the beginning of time.

<p>Now, there are a lot of people who are quite passionate about this subject. Some of them think that a small amount of risk to yourself or your baby is acceptable if it means that you get to have the kind of birth experience you want. Others simply deny that there is any risk, claiming that a woman and her partner can learn enough about childbirth complications to handle any problem as it arises just as well as any midwife.

<p>Now, I know I'm not the only one out there who thinks this is naive at best and selfish at worst.

<p>Let me just clarify that I fully support homebirthing, when it is with the assistance of a qualified midwife. It's freebirthing that I disagree with.

<p>Now let's say that freebirthing mom delivers the head, but the shoulders won't budge. No amount of pushing, pressure, changing positions or whatever seems to be helping. Medically speaking, when this (called shoulder dystocia) happens, you have five minutes to deliver your baby or he/she may suffer permanent brain damage or death. When severe cases of shoulder dystocia occur during hospital deliveries , the practitioner sometimes has to break the baby's clavicle in order to save his or her life.

<p>Now, it seems to me that in order to understand how to correctly break the clavicle of an infant who is lodged in the birth canal, you either have to go to medical school or be in attendance at at least two or three births where this procedure is performed. If a woman and her partner have that much experience and skill, then I am 100% behind their right to freebirth. But I suspect that is not generally the case. And all the book reading in the world is no substitute for experience. 

<p>Let's look at it like this: say your child was rushed to the hospital for an emergency appendectomy, and there were two doctors on call. The first had 25 years of experience doing appendectomies. The second had never performed and appendectomy, and had never seen one in person, but he'd read all about it in a medical book. Which doctor would you want performing surgery on your child? 

<p>I think, frankly, it's a little arrogant to believe that you can handle a medical emergency just as well as a trained physician or midwife.

<p>I don’t think anyone can deny that there are some childbirth situations in which professional assistance is the only thing that can save the life of a mother and/or her child. I don’t think anyone can deny that in some cases, medical attention might not arrive in time. These cases may be very few and far between. The risk may be very slight (or it may be greater than we realize, depending on who you ask). But to deny that the risk exists at all is simply naive. 

<p>A baby who dies because his or her parents chose to "freebirth" is just as much a victim as the little boy who recently died because his vegan parents fed him a diet of apple juice and soy milk. There are no excuses. Parents should not get to put the lives of their children at risk simply because they'd like to have the ideal birth. To do so is, in my opinion, nothing short of criminal.]]>
        
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</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The vaccine &quot;debate&quot;</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2007/06/the_vaccine_debate.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=6" title="The vaccine &quot;debate&quot;" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2007:/weblogs//1.6</id>
    
    <published>2007-06-21T21:18:56Z</published>
    <updated>2008-05-19T22:45:30Z</updated>
    
    <summary>I live in a very crunchy community. There are a lot of things I love about the crunchiness of this place. Almost everyone breastfeeds, which is great for ladies like me who marched through Hell and back learning to breastfeed...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>I live in a very crunchy community. There are a lot of things I love about the crunchiness of this place. Almost everyone breastfeeds, which is great for ladies like me who marched through Hell and back learning to breastfeed and needed help from a lot of different sources. I also love that people keep the community clean, and that there are a lot of open spaces, and that no one wants to welcome Walmart or build a shopping mall.</p>

<p>But there are a lot of things about crunchy living that aren't so great. Around here, a lot of people don't vaccinate their children.

<p>Now is that crunchy, or is it just plain naive? I'm not sure. I do know that I, personally have read a lot about the whole vaccine "debate" (and I use quotes because I don't think the non-vaccinators have enough of a point to even make it a debate) and I remain absolutely convinced that choosing not to vaccinate your child is irresponsible, not just to your own child but to all the children he or she comes into contact with.

<p>Ah, I can hear the cries of indignation already. "If I choose not to vaccinate my child, how does that affect children who are vaccinated? If vaccines are so effective, why should it matter to you if some children aren't vaccinated?"

<p>As disturbing as they are, I love reading anti-vaccination arguments because they show such a profound misunderstanding of how vaccinations actually work.

<p>Let’s do a little basic math.

<p>Vaccines are not 100% effective. For any individual child, a vaccine offers only partial protection. For the sake of argument, let’s say 95%. 

<p>If all children get vaccinated, then 95% of the population is protected from the disease. That means 5% are still likely to contract the disease if they are exposed to it, but since the other 95% won’t contract and therefore will not carry the disease, those 5% are unlikely to encounter the disease and therefore receive some additional protection just based on the fact that the other 95% of the population are protected.

<p>If only 50% of children get vaccinated, then 50% of children have 0% protection, and 47.5% of children won’t get the disease because they were vaccinated, and the remaining 2.5% are children who got vaccinations but may still get the disease because the vaccine, for whatever reason, did not give them full protection.

<p>But now 50% of the population is running around without protection, and all those kids are much, much more likely to encounter, contract, and therefore carry the disease. So that remaining 2.5% of the population are a lot more likely to encounter sick children and become sick themselves.

<p>So yes, not vaccinating is irresponsible, and yes, it does have an affect on children other than your own. 

<p>The anti-vaccination arguments assume that because vaccinations are not 100% effective, that must mean they are 0% effective. It’s not a black and white world, ladies, there are many shades of gray. Vaccinating does not offer 100% protection, but it’s a lot better than 0% protection. And it works best when everyone does it.

<p>My very favorite anti-vaccine argument: your child is more likely to develop a reaction to the whooping cough vaccine than he/she is likely to actually contract whooping cough.

<p>That’s correct. Most kids are vaccinated for whooping cough, therefore, it’s not currently a very prolific disease. If everyone stops vaccinating for whooping cough—which is what anti-vaccinators seem to be suggesting—then suddenly the disease becomes a very serious threat and those statistics will do an about-face.]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Trevor Kott: Small Boy, Big Legacy</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2007/04/small_life_huge_legacy.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=5" title="Trevor Kott: Small Boy, Big Legacy" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2007:/weblogs//1.5</id>
    
    <published>2007-04-26T22:54:05Z</published>
    <updated>2007-09-14T04:10:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Even if you don&apos;t believe in God, It&apos;s hard not to look back on Trevor Kott&apos;s short life and get a sense that something greater than all of us had a hand in it. Trevor was diagnosed with a rare...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Essays" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Even if you don't believe in God, It's hard not to look back on Trevor Kott's short life and get a sense that something greater than all of us had a hand in it.

<p>Trevor was diagnosed with a rare form of congenital leukemia shortly after birth. His doctors had little hope for him; his parents, Bob and Angela Kott, were told that he had only a few weeks to live. 

<p>But little Trevor didn't seem to hear his doctors. The little boy with no hope bravely endured five rounds of chemotherapy and emerged on the other side a happy, chubby six-month-old whose smile was the sun in stormy skies. But tragically, the chemo wasn't enough to save Trevor's life. To do that, the doctors needed to give Trevor a bone marrow transplant, and Trevor had a rare tissue type. There was no matching donor in the international bone marrow registries, and no donor could be found despite a nationwide search. Trevor died on April 25, 2007.

<p>On the surface, Trevor's story seems like a horrible tragedy. Knowing only the basic outline of Trevor's short life, a person might be tempted to ask, "Where is the sense in it? Why should a family like the Kotts have to endure such hardship in the effort to save their baby boy's life, and have it all be for nothing?"

<p>But if you get a little closer to the story, it starts to become clear. It wasn't all for nothing. Visit the weblog the Kotts set up in honor of their son, and you'll see something amazing. 55,000 visitors. 1,400 entries in the guestbook, and growing. Page after page of messages from people who never even met the Kotts: "Because of Trevor, I am now a member of the National Bone Marrow Registry." "Trevor taught me to be a better parent." "Trevor taught me never to take one moment with my children for granted." Poetry in Trevor's memory. Messages of love and comfort. Proof that no matter how bad things get in this world, love will always prevail, even in the hearts of strangers.

<p>If you look back at all the events that conspired to make Trevor's life what it was, it's almost hard to believe that they haven't been fictionalized. Trevor was born with a very rare and usually fatal illness, one that affects just one in 5 million births. He could have been cured by a bone marrow transplant, but to go with his rare illness he also had a rare tissue type, and no donor could be found. He could have died in anonymity a few weeks after his birth, but he held on for six months, long enough for thousands of people all over the world to hear his story. He could have had an extended and uncomfortable death, but when his time came, he went quickly and peacefully, in the arms of people who loved him beyond measure. Now, even the most hard-hearted atheist has to admit, there really seems to have been some design to Trevor's life.

<p>Because of tiny Trevor Kott, more than 5,000 people have joined the National Bone Marrow Registry in California alone. And although Trevor is gone, drives are still being held in his name. In the brief time that Trevor was able to spend in this world, he accomplished more than most of us do in an average adult lifetime. And if he did all of that <i>without</i> the hand of God, well, that just makes his accomplishments even more remarkable.
]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Worry, Worry, Worry</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2006/05/worry_worry_worry.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=4" title="Worry, Worry, Worry" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2006:/weblogs//1.4</id>
    
    <published>2006-05-15T20:47:09Z</published>
    <updated>2007-09-14T04:10:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Towards the end of my first pregnancy, I remember telling myself, &quot;Just a few more weeks, then I won&apos;t have to worry anymore.&quot; It seems like my whole pregnancy was filled with worry. Very early on, I remember panicking at...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Pregnancy" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Towards the end of my first pregnancy, I remember telling myself, "Just a few more weeks, then I won't have to worry anymore."</p>

<p>It seems like my whole pregnancy was filled with worry. Very early on, I remember panicking at any minor ache or twinge in my belly, thinking "Oh god, what if this is an ectopic pregnancy?" I was only able to relax at 11 weeks, when I had my first ultrasound and could clearly see that my baby was in the right place and had a strong heartbeat. 

<p>Then I heard about what my friend's sister had just been through with her own pregnancy. 
For the next few weeks, "incompetent cervix" was the phantom hovering over my pregnancy. If I were to be stricken by the same complication, would I know in time to save my baby? If I didn't, how would I live with the guilt that my baby had died not because there was something wrong with <I>him</I>, but because there was something wrong with <I>me</I>? I spent hours on pregnancy websites obsessing over incompetent cervix, making sure that I knew every warning sign so I could rush off to my doctor at the first indication that something might be wrong. Never mind that incompetent cervix is something that afflicts only 1% of all pregnancies&#151;the fact that it <I>could</I> happen was enough to send me into a mild state of panic.

<p>During all of this I kept thinking to myself, "Once I get to 28 weeks I can stop worrying. Most babies born at 28 weeks survive." Then 28 weeks came and went and I found new things to worry about. I remember late in my pregnancy when I was feeding our goats and one of the rowdy yearlings jumped up exuberantly on me as I tossed him a flake of hay. I turned to push him away and felt a distinct "pop," which was probably just my hip but nevertheless sent me into a frenzy of concern. What if I'd just had a placental abruption? Sure, they are usually accompanied by bleeding, but not always. For the next couple of hours I prodded my belly and whispered, "Wake up baby, are you OK?" My baby, sound asleep, didn't let me know there was nothing wrong until I was almost sick with worry.

<p>Even during delivery I found things to worry about. What if there was a cord accident? What if they couldn't get all the meconium out of my baby's lungs before he started breathing? What if he had some congenital defect that the ultrasounds had failed to detect? If only he'd just hurry up and <I>be born</I> so his poor mother could stop worrying ...

<p>Finally it was all over&#151;Dylan had arrived, and he was not only perfect but better than perfect. He was healthy, robust, and had all 10 fingers and all 10 toes. I breathed a sign of relief. 

<p>Then he refused to breastfeed. And got his first cold. Then a urinary tract infection. Once he was past all that, I read an article about someone in our area who'd lost a baby to SIDS. Then I started thinking, what if we really <I>do</I> have a bird flu pandemic? How will I protect him? And I realized that worry isn't just something that you have during pregnancy, it's something that <I>starts</I> in pregnancy and continues for the rest of your life. It isn't something that will go away when the next milestone is reached. There is always something to worry about. As a parent, you've simply traded worry for yourself for worry about your children. You don't get over it, you just have to learn to live with it.]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Pregnancy Woes</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2006/05/pregnancy_woes.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=3" title="Pregnancy Woes" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2006:/weblogs//1.3</id>
    
    <published>2006-05-11T21:24:59Z</published>
    <updated>2007-09-14T04:10:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Two great things about pregnancy: you will never have better hair or bigger boobs. You may, however, end up with a myriad of other unfortunate conditions that will make you feel less-than-lovely, such as stretch marks, varicose veins, a frighteningly...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Pregnancy" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Two great things about pregnancy: you will never have better hair or bigger boobs. You may, however, end up with a myriad of other unfortunate conditions that will make you feel less-than-lovely, such as stretch marks, varicose veins, a frighteningly large butt, bizarre skin conditions, hair in strange places, and ingrown toenails. That's right! I just learned only a few weeks ago that ingrown toenails (which my husband considers "skanky") are one of nature's ways of saying "thanks" for propagating the species. The reason? Evidently its partly because your feet grow when you're pregnant and you may still be trying to squeeze into your old shoes (and don't think you'll necessarily be able to fit into your favorite size six strappy sandals after the baby comes, either, because the change is likely to be permanent) and partly because your feet and therefore your toes swell up and collide into each other, which can cause the nails to grow wrong. And the best part? When you go to your podiatrist to have your ingrown toenails removed, he may be reluctant to use anesthetic (even local) because of concerns about its safety during pregnancy. Instead, he'll just spray something very cold on your feet (a little frostbite please!) and dig in with a very scary looking pair of clippers&#151;ouch!</p>

<p>Then there's the things you don't see&#151;indigestion, shortness of breath, changes in your eyesight (!), Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (that's where the bones in your pelvis start grinding together&#151;whenever you change gears in your car, climb a step, roll over in bed ...), Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, tendonitis, heart palpitations, sore back, not to mention that one-of-a-kind feeling you get when your baby kicks you in the bladder&#151;if you're not already pregnant, is any of this making you eager to get started? </p>

<p>So why do we do it? And why was I, after going through all of this at the age of 33 with my first child, so ready to do it all over again only six months later? </p>

<p>Nature has programmed us for this experience, and has programmed us so well that we are willing to overlook nearly every flaw in the design system. Imagine if you bought a piece of software that had a pretty nice end result but forced you to go through multiple system crashes, upgrades, updates and third party add-on installations before you could achieve that result&#151;would you want to do all of that more than once? Would you even want to do it all the first time? </p>

<p>Nature, in her infinite cleverness, has designed human beings so that the end result of even the most uncomfortable pregnancies is so wonderful, so perfect, and filled with so much joy that nothing you went through to get there seems, in retrospect, like such a big deal. There is absolutely no other experience in life that can possibly equate to that. And so many of us are willing to do it twice, three times, or more&#151;just so we'll have one more chance to hold that perfect little newborn person in our arms. So it's not a perfect system ... but it doesn't have to be. </p>

<p>I forgot to mention the waddling. No matter how you try to avoid it, in the end, there is always waddling.</p>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Toxic Gas (Not the kind that lingers around the diaper pail)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/2006/05/toxic_gas_not_the_kind_that_li.asp" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.factmarket.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=1" title="Toxic Gas (Not the kind that lingers around the diaper pail)" />
    <id>tag:babies.factmarket.com,2006:/weblogs//1.1</id>
    
    <published>2006-05-02T19:16:18Z</published>
    <updated>2007-09-14T04:10:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>When our babies were two or three months old and we were both still living in fear of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), a friend of mine called me and excitedly reported that she had just ordered something that would end her worries. &quot;A researcher discovered the cause of SIDS!&quot; she told me. &quot;It&apos;s mold!&quot; Furthermore, she went on to tell me, I could 100% eliminate the risk of SIDS by simply wrapping my baby&apos;s crib mattress in a special kind of plastic, which could be conveniently purchased from a company in New Zealand.

Now, I do a lot of reading, especially about things that concern my baby&apos;s health. In all my research (most of which was done on accredited SIDS websites like The First Candle SIDS alliance) I had never heard of such a thing. I cautioned my friend to be skeptical, then I proceeded to look into the so-called &quot;toxic gas theory.&quot; Here&apos;s what I learned:</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Becki Robins</name>
        
    </author>
            <category term="Health and Safety" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en-US" xml:base="http://babies.factmarket.com/weblogs/">
        <![CDATA[<p>For a new mom, perhaps nothing is more terrifying than the idea that your baby might die suddenly and without explanation. Unfortunately, for every terror that shadows our modern lives, there is someone out there hoping to capitalize upon it.</p>

<p>When our babies were two or three months old and we were both still living in fear of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), a friend of mine called me and excitedly reported that she had just ordered something that would end her worries. "A researcher discovered the cause of SIDS!" she told me. "It's mold!" Furthermore, she went on to tell me, I could 100% eliminate the risk of SIDS by simply wrapping my baby's crib mattress in a special kind of plastic, which could be conveniently purchased from a company in New Zealand.</p>

<p>Now, I do a lot of reading, especially about things that concern my baby's health. In all my research (most of which was done on accredited SIDS websites like The First Candle SIDS alliance) I had never heard of such a thing. I cautioned my friend to be skeptical, then I proceeded to look into the so-called "toxic gas theory." Here's what I learned:</p>

<p>In 1989, a British researcher named Barry Richardson claimed to have done research that proved SIDS was caused by toxic gas producing bacteria living in crib mattresses. His findings were widely publicized in the British television broadcast "The Cook Report" in late 1994. The Cook Report caused minor panic amongst new parents in the UK, many of whom moved their babies from the relative safety of their cribs to hazardous sleeping areas such as adult pillows and sofas. Understandably, SIDS organizations were concerned and a few of them undertook research of their own with the intent of either confirming or rejecting Richardson's theory.</p>

<p>The most exhaustive of these studies was conducted by the "Limerick Committee," which spent three and a half years re-examining existing research and conducting new research of its own. In 1998 the Limerick Committee announced that it had discredited the toxic gas theory, but by then there were already several companies profiting from the sale of polythene mattress wraps that were supposed to protect sleeping infants against toxic gas. Since that time, the manufacturers and retailers of these wraps have sought to explain away the results of the study. Despite the fact that there is still no conclusive evidence that toxic gas causes SIDS, parents continue to fall victim to scare mongering and the bad science that surrounds the toxic gas theory and especially the sale of polythene mattress wraps said to guard against so called toxic gases.</p>

<p>Parents beware. Many of the merchants who sell these wraps provide shoppers with lengthy rebuttals to the Limerick Report, much of which is very badly argued and has no basis in scientific fact. In this document, I want to encourage you to be extremely critical of any website or document that claims validity of the toxic gas theory, but does not specifically quote any of the research that is supposed to discredit the findings of the Limerick Committee. Following is my own detailed critique of many of the popular arguments against the Limerick Report.</p>

<p>BACKGROUND:</p>

<p>The toxic gas theory is based almost entirely on the research of Barry Richardson, who claimed that the fungus S. brevicaulis was present on nearly all crib mattresses, and that his research had demonstrated that the fungus was capable of producing toxic nerve gases.</p>

<p>This is the basis for Richardon's "toxic gas" theory:</p>

<p>"[SIDS] … is caused by gaseous poisoning. The gases concerned are phosphines, arsines and stibines, which are all extremely toxic nerve gases. They are produced in a baby's cot (or any other bed where the baby sleeps) by the action of common household fungus on compounds of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony present in the mattress (and in certain other underbedding, e.g. sheepskins)." (http://www.cotlife2000.com)</p>

<p>Claim #1: The Limerick Report was flawed because it investigated only PVC mattresses, but not natural products such as sheepskins (which are widely used in New Zealand and are associated with a number of SIDS cases). </p>

<p>The committee was investigating the theory that certain funguses react with fire retardant chemicals in infant bedding, emitting toxic gases which lead to infant mortality—the basis for the toxic gas theory (as outlined above). Therefore, whether or not they studied every type of bedding containing those chemicals is irrelevant, as long as the chemicals were present in the bedding they did study.</p>

<p>Claim #2: The Limerick Report was flawed because it focused only on stibine, and not on the other two gases included in the theory (arsine and phosphine). </p>

<p>This is untrue. During the study, the researchers attempted to, but failed to show generation of all three gases. See chapter six of the Limerick Report abstract for details on how this research was conducted and what the findings were. (http://sids-network.org/experts/limerab.htm#six)</p>

<p>Claim #3: The Limerick Report has no validity in places such as New Zealand, where PVC mattresses are less common. To show relevance, the Limerick Committee should have included sheepskins in its study, since sheepskins are often used as baby bedding in New Zealand. </p>

<p>Whether or not the committee investigated sheepskins is irrelevant to the larger question: whether or not mattress wrapping can help prevent SIDS. Sheepskins are not recommended as infant bedding by any SIDS organization, and they wouldn't ever be "wrapped" even if they were found to emit toxic gases.</p>

<p>Claim #4: New Zealand baby bedding is more likely to generate phosphines and arsines, and these gases were not focused on in the study. </p>

<p>Also not true, as seen in this excerpt taken directly from the Limerick Report:</p>

<p>"Phosphine and trimet hylphosphorus were not produced under the test conditions described by S. brevicaulis from cot mattress samples containing phosphate fire retardants and plasticisers, or from other phosphate compounds added to or present in the culture medium. No phosphorus gases were unequivocally generated when PVC and foam mattress materials were incubated under the anaerobic conditions in which trimethylantimony was generated by enriched soil cultures grown in antimony-supplemented media. </p>

<p>"Arsine and trimet hylarsenic have not been generated from cot mattress samples."</p>

<p>In laymen's terms: neither phosphines nor arsines were generated from crib mattress samples containing either fire retardant materials OR other phosphate compounds.</p>

<p>Claim #5: The Limerick Report actually confirms the toxic gas theory, since the committee replicated toxic gas generation and was able to generate a form of stibine during its laboratory tests. </p>

<p>The committee did not "replicate toxic gas generation." Their success at generating toxic gas under controlled laboratory conditions does not in any way suggest that the same thing could occur in an infant's mattress. They tried, but did not succeed in showing that toxic gas could be generated under the conditions that exist in an infant's mattress. See chapter six of the Limerick Report's abstract for details: (http://sids-network.org/experts/limerab.htm#six).</p>

<p>It is true that the committee was able to generate trimethylarsenic and trimethylantimony, but only under extreme laboratory conditions that are unlikely to occur in an infant's crib. For example, if the samples were heated to 110°C (230°F) in an autoclave or at 80°C (176°F) for three days, and the fungus was added to the samples afterwards (the growth of any fungus added before heating would be inhibited by the heating process). An infant, of course, would be unlikely to be sleeping in an autoclave or for three days at a temperature of 176°F. </p>

<p>From the report:</p>

<p>"As a result of our investigations we have established that antimony compounds can be volatilised by the fungus (S. brevicaulis) under very specific conditions which are wholly unlike any to be found in an infant’s cot. Even under these conditions there was no evidence that phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony encapsulated in cot mattress PVC could be volatilised."</p>

<p>Claim #6: Other researchers had already proved the generation of all three gases: phosphines from phosphorus, arsines from arsenic and stibines from antimony, so the Limerick Committee's inability to do so is irrelevant.</p>

<p>The basis of all valid scientific research is that it must be reproducible. In other words, a theory cannot be considered fact until the research that claims to support it has been duplicated using identical methods that achieve identical results. The fact that the Limerick Committee (and other groups) were unable to duplicate Richardson's results does not mean that the Limerick Committee's results were irrelevant, it means that Richardson's results were probably flawed. It is not the work of the other researchers that becomes invalid but the original study. If this particular argument against the Limerick Report were a valid one, it would mean that all original research is untouchable, and that no researcher who follows can disprove any theory since the theory was already "proven" by the original researcher. In other words, it would completely invalidate the idea that scientific research needs to be reproducible.</p>

<p>Claim #7: The fact that the fungus S. brevicaulis is rare in crib mattresses is irrelevant, since the committee did find it on some mattresses, and since they also found other micro-organisms (many of which can also generate toxic gas). </p>

<p>From the report:</p>

<p>"In marked contrast to [the toxic gas theory's] contention that S. brevicaulis is ubiquitous in used cot mattress materials, several subsequent investigations have demonstrated that contamination with this mould is rare, and that it is no more common in mattress materials from SIDS infants than in other used mattresses."</p>

<p>The toxic gas theory, as it was first written, focused almost entirely on S. brevicaulis, which is why the committee also focused on that organism. Even so, the assertion that a number of other microorganisms are "capable of generating toxic gas" was unsubstantiated by the committee, who were not able to generate toxic gas on crib mattresses under any conditions, including the presence of common household bacteria and other organisms.</p>

<p>Claim #8: The committee claimed that no babies had died on mattresses infected with S. brevicaulis, but "whether babies had died on the mattresses tested by the committee is immaterial," since fungi grow on nearly all mattresses and underbedding.</p>

<p>Whether babies had died on mattresses tested by the committee is completely material. If a scientific study aims to substantiate the theory that toxic gas emitted from crib mattresses causes SIDS, then it follows that mattresses belonging to SIDS victims should be tested for the presence of toxic gas.</p>

<p>If fungi capable of generating toxic gas exist on all mattresses, then why do some babies die from SIDS, but others don't? Why isn't the SIDS rate 100%?</p>

<p>Claim #9: The fact that the Richardson apparently mistook a common household bacteria for the fungus S. brevicaulis is irrelevant, since both fungus and bacteria are capable of generating toxic gas. </p>

<p>The bacteria identified by the committee (which Richarson mistook for S. brevicaulis) was actually a mixture of Bacillus, a very common domestic bacteria. During the committee's tests, this and other bacterium present on crib mattresses was not shown to be capable of generating toxic gases. In fact, under extreme laboratory conditions (of the type that would never exist on an infant's mattresses), only S. brevicaulis was capable of generating toxic gas. "Under the same conditions bacteria and other fungi isolated from cot mattresses did not volatilise antimony."</p>

<p>Claim #10: Studies that rejected the toxic gas theory were conducted using a neutral pH media. The pH of a crib mattress is higher, which helps fungi to thrive and become more efficient at producing toxic gas. </p>

<p>The committee conducted many tests using crib mattresses (which presumably fit the criteria of having a high pH), and they were unable to achieve gas generation.</p>

<p>Claim #11: SIDS babies don't show the effects of nerve gas poisoning (such as haemolysis and pulmonary oedema) because they die so quickly that these effects don't have time to develop. Nerve gas poisoning can kill a baby within minutes. </p>

<p>This statement has no basis in scientific or medical fact. Phosphine, arsine and stibine poisoning lead to haemolysis and pulmonary oedema, which lead to death. You can't skip the haemolysis and pulmonary oedema and go straight to death. One causes the other, which causes the other.</p>

<p>If it is true that these gases kill "within minutes," why would an infant be able to sleep safely and with no ill effects on the same mattress only one day before succumbing to SIDS? Wouldn't these gases and the organisms that caused them be building up over a gradual period of time?</p>

<p>Claim #12: The toxicological data outlined by the Limerick Report is taken from research focusing on adults and older children. Since babies' bodies respond differently to toxins, none of the information is relevant. </p>

<p>While it is true that there are age related differences in metabolism, absorption, and detoxification of chemical compounds, it is unclear as to which part (if any) of the Limerick Report contains toxicology data taken from studies done on adults and older children. This is the type of assertion that needs to be backed up by specifics: where does this data appear and in what way does it demonstrate that it is not relevant to infant physiology?</p>

<p>Claim #13: The Limerick Report stated that there were similar amounts of antimony present in the tissue of all babies, whether they had died of SIDS or other causes—but research conducted in 1994 showed that babies who died from causes other than SIDS had no detectible levels of antimony in their bodies. Therefore, the Limerick Report must be wrong.</p>

<p>The research cited here—presumably the 1994 Cook Report—has not been validated by any of several independent studies. Notably, one study in Ireland and another in Scotland were unable to find any differences between the antimony levels in SIDS infants and in infants who died from other causes. This suggests that the Cook Report, which is the only one to date that claims to have discovered the discrepancy, is the one suffering from a fundamental flaw. Remember also that the Cook Report was not "true" scientific reporting, but a tabloid style television "expose," described by the US based non-profit SIDS organization The SIDS Alliance as "ill-defined, unsubstantiated, and wildly speculative." </p>

<p>Claim #14: The Limerick Report claimed that the introduction of antimony and phosphorus into UK crib mattresses did not coincide with an increase in SIDS, but these chemicals were actually introduced in the 1950s, when the SIDS rate began to increase markedly. </p>

<p>Antimony was first added to crib mattresses in 1988, not the early 1950s. This argument is simply incorrect.</p>

<p>Claim #15: In the UK, the SIDS rate was highest between 1986 and 1988. This coincides with the British Government's 1988 requirement that manufacturers add fire-retardant (antimony) to crib mattresses. </p>

<p>Since this high death rate occurred in 1986 and 1987 as well as 1988, it cannot be linked to antimony, which was not added to mattresses until 1988.</p>

<p>Claim #16: Although the SIDS rate did begin to fall when antimony levels in mattresses were still high, it was because parents learned about the toxic gas theory and began to take preventative measures. It was not because of the "Back to Sleep" campaign.<br />
 <br />
SIDS decreased by 70% between 1988 and 1995, after antimony began to be added to crib mattresses. By 1993 to 1995, only 2% of babies were sleeping on wrapped mattresses. This shows that the drop in SIDS rates wasn't associated with parents taking "preventative measures against toxic gas."</p>

<p>Claim #17: The SIDS rate was beginning to fall during a time when manufacturers were removing antimony from mattresses.</p>

<p>Manufacturers were just beginning to add antimony to mattresses in 1988, not the other way around. Although some manufacturers may have begun removing antimony from mattresses around that time, the practice is still more common than not and the removal from some mattresses cannot be shown to correspond to a decline in SIDS rates. </p>

<p>Claim #18: The SIDS rate declined by 38% between 1989 (the year that Richardson's theory was first publicized) and 1991, when the "Back to Sleep" campaign was launched. The fall was steepest after the "Back to Sleep" campaign because it helped add to the "success already being achieved by advice based on the toxic gas theory."</p>

<p>While the SIDS rate in Britain did decline between 1989 and 1990 (beginning the year after antimony was first added to crib mattresses), the decline was 11%, not 38%. While still a significant decline, there is no proof that it is directly related to the publication of the toxic gas theory, which was not even widely known until the Cook Report aired in 1994. The greatest decline did indeed occur after the "Back to Sleep" campaign was launched, but it is unclear how toxic gas theory proponents can claim that the "Back to Sleep" campaign "added to the success already being achieved by advice based on the toxic gas theory" beyond the extremely questionable contention that toxic gases "are heavy and lay close to the surface of the mattress thus not causing much risk to babies whose noses are up and away from the mattress." According to the SIDS Alliance, such a claim is "akin to saying that you can avoid poisoning by carbon monoxide leaks by opening the windows."</p>

<p>The Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths (a UK based SIDS organization) explains further:</p>

<p>"The toxic gas theory fits some but not all the known epidemiological features of SIDS. SIDS is not a new phenomenon. In the mid 1950s, well before the introduction of PVC and these chemicals, the number of babies dying suddenly and unexpectedly was estimated at 1400 annually, a figure comparable to that reported in 1990 before the national "Reduce the Risk" campaigns. It has been suggested that the rise in SIDS between 1986-88 is linked to the introduction of higher levels of these chemical compounds and that the decline in 1989 and 1990 before the Reduce the Risk campaign was because some manufacturers stopped using these chemical compounds and parents covered cot mattresses with polythene sheeting (Richardson, personal communication). But fluctuations in the incidence have occurred over the years so the significance of changes need to be interpreted with caution. A significant fall in SIDS is not seen until 1991 and there is no evidence, as yet, that lower levels of chemicals were used in 1989 or that parents covered mattresses with polythene." (http://www.sids.org.uk/fsid/mattresscont.htm)</p>

<p>Claim #19: The Limerick Report states that three babies died from SIDS even though they were sleeping on polythene wrapped mattresses, but this claim is unsubstantiated since the thickness, coloration and type of plastic are unknown. Only thick, clear polythene works as a protection against toxic gas.</p>

<p>The type of polythene used in the three SIDS deaths in question hasn't been shown to NOT be thick, clear polythene, nor has it been shown that any of the bedding used contained phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. In fact, according to New Zealand's SIDS foundation, where mattress wrapping is widespread, there have been numerous other deaths on polythene-covered mattresses. Yet the manufacturers of these wraps always claim that the mattresses were not wrapped according to their specifications, which is a particularly easy way out considering that this claim can never be validated. Since SIDS organizations long ago rejected the toxic gas theory, post mortem investigations are not likely to ever evaluate a death scene to see if mattress wrapping conformed to manufacturer standards.</p>

<p>Claim #20: Scottish research has proven that the SIDS risk increases as mattresses are passed down from one baby to another. This is because fungus and other organisms are better established on older mattresses. Statistics also show that the SIDS rate is higher for second babies, higher still for third babies, and so on. This is because parents often reuse mattresses for subsequent babies. </p>

<p>The Scottish study referred to here did show a link between used mattresses and SIDS, but it did not show that the death rate increases as mattresses are passed down from one baby to another. Furthermore, no research to date has shown that there is necessarily a causal relationship between used mattresses and SIDS deaths, nor that the reused mattresses are more likely to harbor organisms that will produce toxic gas. There are many other factors associated with used mattresses that could explain the link. For example, mattresses are more likely to be reused in lower income households, and parents in such households are less likely to be educated about SIDS prevention, more likely to use nicotine or other drugs during pregnancy, etc. Used mattresses may also be worn and not as firm as new mattresses (another risk factor for SIDS). </p>

<p>Claim #21: US research has shown that SIDS victims have  neurochemical deficits in breathing and heart function. This is because phosphines, arsines and stibines are "nerve gases," which shut down the central nervous system, leading to cessation of heart and lung functions. </p>

<p>Deficit is not the same thing as damage. A deficit is a fundamental flaw, an innate problem that an infant is born with. The neurochemical deficit spoken about here is a defect in the mechanism that controls the infant's protective responses to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. This is not caused by exposure to toxic gases or any other type of damage to the central nervous system, it is a problem the infant possessed at birth. Furthermore, this statement is a laughable misinterpretation of scientific fact. Death, regardless of its cause, is marked by a cessation of heart and lung functions. The fact that arsines are nerve gases has no particular relevance as to whether or not death would be marked by a cessation of heart and lung function.</p>

<p>Claim #22 (probably the one that has made many parents disregard the research of accredited SIDS organizations): Tens of thousands of parents have wrapped their babies' mattresses with polythene wraps, and there have not been any reported SIDS among infants sleeping on these wrapped mattresses. </p>

<p>Again, there have been SIDS deaths on wrapped mattresses. Every time this happens, the manufacturers of polythene mattress wraps claim that the mattresses were not wrapped according to their specifications, even though this claim can never be substantiated. This makes it very easy for mattress wrapping proponents to go on claiming that their campaign has a 100% success rate. If they can claim, but never have to prove, that the wrapped mattresses where SIDS deaths occur were not wrapped "correctly," they will always be able to say that their wraps save babies' lives 100% of the time, regardless of how many babies actually die on wrapped mattresses.</p>

<p>CONCLUSION:</p>

<p>Think of it like this: if you were to believe the arguments against the Limerick Report, you would have to believe that non-commercial medical/scientific research lasting three and a half years was flawed to the extent that its authors did not understand basic physiology, were unable (or unwilling) to find accurate facts and statistics that are well known and readily available to the public, and that nearly every aspect of their research was somehow flawed and/or irrelevant. You would have to believe that every major non-profit SIDS foundation that exists worldwide is simply masquerading as an organization concerned with saving babies, but beneath the surface is actually conspiring to prevent you, the parent, from knowing "the true cause of SIDS," and that there is some dark and sinister reason why they would want to do this. You would also have to believe that manufacturers and retailers who are profiting from the sale of Polythene mattress wraps somehow have access to better, more trustworthy research and information and that they are disseminating that information out of a sincere desire to protect babies, which is not in any way tainted by the desire to sell more mattress wraps.</p>

<p>Another tragic side effect of this debate: mattress wrapping may actually increase a child's risk of succumbing to SIDS, since parents who use these wraps are often lulled into a false sense of security and are therefore more likely to place babies to sleep on their tummies, use soft bedding, allow their babies to sleep with stuffed toys, etc. In fact, the instruction book that comes with one of these wraps actually encourages parents to place their babies to sleep on their stomachs, since mattress wrapping will provide 100% protection against SIDS.</p>

<p>PARENTS: Toxic gas is not the cause of SIDS, and a wrapped mattress does not offer 100% protection against SIDS. Please take the $32.95 you were planning to spend on a polythene mattress wrap and donate it instead to your local SIDS charity. If each of the 100,000 parents who spent $32.95 on a mattress wrap instead donated that money to SIDS research, we would be more than $3,000,000 closer to discovering the true cause of this terrible syndrome.<br />
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